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Image-to-Tree to Select Significant
Blocks Department of Management Information
Systems, College of Business & Economics Qassim University, P.O. Box 6633, Buraidah, 51452,
KSA {laoamr,
j.eleuchi, s.zidi, a.mihoub}@qu.edu.sa Abstract In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking
image approach that focuses on a serious problem in image watermarking which
consists on finding a compromise between the authentication and the
computational complexity aspects in watermark embedding/extracting processes.
The approach is based on the choice of the adequate DC components per block
for a given image after applying a frequency transform by DCT (Discrete
Cosine Transform) on each block. The DC blocks of the entire image will be
represented by a tree passing through blocks having a higher texture to
ensure imperceptibility of the embedded watermark. The watermarking process
is applied directly in the spatial domain that guarantees a less computation
complexity on a particular set of blocks having high texture. It is noted
that the proposed approach guarantees very remarkable watermark
imperceptibility compared to other approaches operating in the same domain.
The approach was tested against several geometric and non-geometric attacks.
Similarly, the attacked watermark against most known dangerous attacks are
recovered. The results obtained with regard to watermark extraction against
several attacks are very encouraging and discussed in this paper. Keywords: image watermarking, robustness,
spatial domain, DC component, image-to-tree, textured block +: Corresponding author: Lamri
Laouamer Department
of Management Information Systems, College of Business and Economics, 51452,
KSA, Journal of Wireless
Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications (JoWUA) Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 81-115, March 2020 [pdf] Received:
January 4, 2020; Accepted: March 6, 2020; Published: March 31, 2020 DOI: 10.22667/JOWUA.2020.03.31.081 |